Limb realignment is a group of surgical procedures, also known as osteotomies, that re-orient and re-direct weight-bearing forces through the knee. The most common reason for an osteotomy is arthritis of the knee that is limited to a single area or compartment. This usually occurs because of a severe bow-legged or knock-kneed shape to the knees. Because the other parts of the knee remain healthy, an osteotomy can be used to direct most of the body weight through this area, avoiding the pressure across the arthritic part of the knee and the resultant pain. Other reasons osteotomies can be used include cartilage restoration procedures and realignment after a malunion (abnormal healing position) of a fracture. After careful calculation of the weight-bearing axis of the limb and the deformity of the knee, either the tibia (shin bone) or femur (thigh bone) is cut to realign the limb to the desired position. The osteotomy is then held still with a combination of plates, screws, and bone graft.
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